Therefore, there are no clear distinctions or lines of demarcation among any of the various areas which are included in this section when they are studied in the classroom.

The areas which follow this introduction are entitled: The Human Relations Curriculum, Geography, Geology, and History. In addition, the following subject areas are included: Anthropology, astronomy, botany, chemistry, economics, geology, government, philosophy, physics, political behavior, sociology, and zoology.

Montessori biology is structured in such a way as to give the child a means of classification - so that s/he can structure and relate the facts of biology. The study should reveal to the child that classification approximated evolution. The ultimate goal is an ecological view of life on earth as seemingly selfish (fighting for its own survival) but in reality each serves the good of the whole. Montessori calls this the Cosmic Plan.

Montessori history follows the development of the solar system, life on earth, the development of humankind, early civilizations, and recorded history. The child sees the long labor of humankind needed to accomplish all that is enjoyed here today.